CONDY-RAY & ACCURAD 200 SEBAGAI SARANA PENCITRAAN UNTUK MENGATASI KELAINAN SENDI TEMPORO MANDIBULA

Since the temporomandibular joints are components of the stoamtognathic system that dentist is most familiar with, problems relating to this joints must be recognized, understood and treated by dentists. A comprehensive evaluation of this joint problems must include the radiographic examination. Transcranio lateral is the most commonly used of all conventional TMJ radiographic projection from the lateral aspect that shown the condyle, fossa and eminence as well as the condylar fossa relationship in selected functional movements, but which is not free from superimposed of the adjacent structures. A modified positioning device has been developed over this past years, to overcome these superimposition problems. The use of 'Condy ray" and "Accurad 200" apparatus that have some advantages over the standard transcraniolateral radiographic projection will be discussed in this paper

Osteoporosis detection using radiomorphometric examination and fractal dimensions through cone-beam computed tomography

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is becoming more widely used in the field of dentomaxillofacial radiography, but its utility for bone quality assessment is still limited. This study was conducted to describe the use of radiomorphometric examination and fractal dimensions (FDs) for osteoporosis risk detection through CBCT in elderly patients. Medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)) were searched using the keywords osteoporosis, radiomorphometric, fractal dimension, and fractal analysis. The search limits applied were available full-text articles, publication years 2012-2021, and articles published available in English. Then, the articles included were systematically reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A total of four studies were included in this review. Seven radiomorphometric indices were used, and most indices were adopted from panoramic radiographs, such as the computed tomographycortical index, computed tomography mental index, computed tomography index, and four other indices along the mandible, which are the S (symphysis), A (anterior), M (molar), and P (posterior) indices. All of the radiomorphometric studies show similar results. These indices can identify osteoporosis-related changes and are useful as osteoporosis screening tools on CBCT. However, all FD studies show different methods and discover heterogeneous results. Radiomorphometric measurement methods in CBCT can be used to detect patients at risk for osteoporosis. The FD analysis method still finds heterogeneous research results, so it is recommended to standardize the method in terms of the shape, size, and location of the region of interest

RADIOGRAFI UNTUK PERAWATAN IMPLAN GIGI

Dental implants have become an accepted form of permanent tooth replacement. Successful dental implant treatment requires knowledge of the precise location in connection with critical structures in maxillae and mandible. Injurty to the nerve canal or perforation of maxillary antrum can cause paresthesia or antral infection that may lead to failure of the treatment. Measuring the height and width of residual alveolar ridge is necessary to select the appropriately sized implant as well as to assure the adequacy of bone. Presurgical radiographic evaluation of dental implants plays very important role in the success of implant treatment procedure. Various imaging modalities from conventional intraoral radiographs to more sophsticated and modern ones can be used for this purpose. The conventional imaging modalities have very limited diagnostic information in accordance with details and accurate in bone evaluation of the implant sites. On the other hand, modern imaging modalities such as Dental CT have been proven to produce excellent image either for measuring the detailed evauating the sites. Selecting the appropriate imaging modality will be one of the key to success in dental implant treatment

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Accuracy for Morphological and Morphometric Evaluation of Mandibular Condyles Using Small FOV and Small Voxel Size

  The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in determining and visualizing the morphology and morphometry of the mandibular condyle. Narrative reviews with article searches were carried out through NCBI's PubMed database and Scopus from September 2021–October 2021, with the inclusion criteria articles published in 2011–2021.  The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has a crucial role and is closely related to the masticatory system. The diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is not easy and is complex enough to require a comprehensive clinical and radiographic examination. Pathological changes such as erosion of the condyle, fracture, ankylosis, dislocation, and osteophyte can be well seen using CBCT imaging. CBCT images obtained with smaller field of view (FOV) have smaller a voxel size and a higher image resolution. FOV or scan volume refers to the anatomical area that will be included in the data volume or the area of the patient that will be irradiated. The dimension of FOV depends on the detector size and shape, the beam projection geometry, and the ability to collimate the beam. Voxel size is an important component of image quality, related to both the pixel size and the image matrix. Selection of small FOV and small voxel size is recommended because they provide better visualization and detail for the evaluation of morphology and morphometry of the condyle, especially the detection of erosion and defects on the condyle surface

Gambaran cone-beam computed tomography pada kasus Cleidocranial Displasia

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) merupakan kelainan herediter yang mempengaruhi tulang dan gigi serta diwariskan secara autosomal. Meskipun radiograf dua dimensi dapat memberikan informasi diagnosis CCD, namun memiliki keterbatasan distorsi geometrik dan superimposisi. Laporan kasus ini memaparkan dua kasus CCD yang berbeda dan mengevaluasi gambaran radiograf dengan menggunakan modalitas pencitraan Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) dengan tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran radiografis lengkap melalui CBCT sebagai salah satu alatpenunjang diagnosis yang memberikan rekonstruksi akurat, sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu dalam menegakkan diagnosis dan menentukan rencana perawatan. Dua orang pasien berusia dua belas dan sembilan tahun dikonsultasikan dari bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Anak untuk melakukan pemeriksaan pencitraan 3D CBCT. Temuan radiografik gigi multiple supernumerary di rahang atas dan bawah serta keterlambatan pertumbuhan gigi-gigi permanen pada kedua pasien, serta adanya kelainan tumbuh kembah pada struktur kranium, tulang-tulang wajah, maksila dan mandibula. CBCT mengatasi kelemahan atau kekurangan pada radiograf dua dimensi, khususnya evaluasi dalam arah bukolingual. Pencitraan 3D CBCT memungkinkan rekonstruksi yang akurat dan dari beberapa pandangan sagital, koronal dan aksial dari gigi supernumerari sehingga dapat dengan tepat menentukan jumlah, posisi, morfologi mahkota dan juga hubungannya dengan gigi permanen yang berdekatan sehingga memudahkan dalam menentukan rencana perawatan

SKIN RADIATION IN PANORAMIC

Dental panoramic radiograph in Indonesia has been widely used. Modern diagnostic imaging equipment with minimum radiation is still very limited. One of the conditions in nuclear safety law, UU 10/1997, is an optimization of all radiation sources with DRL through skin dose measurements. In Indonesia, the national DRL has not been established yet, and there were no reports on the study of panoramic skin dose in Indonesia. The aim of this preliminary study was to obtain a panoramic skin dose radiation as reference to establish DRL in Indonesia. Panoramic radiographs of sixteen female and fifteen male patients, aged 4 – 48 years, were taken using the standard conventional method, with TLD chips attached in location groups. The chips were then read with the detector and integrator of BATAN, in high and low temperature condition at the same time. It was revealed that behind the right and left ear were the regions with the highest radiation dose received, followed by the back of the neck, left jaw, right jaw, and chin. The result of this study has shown the importance of DRL in Indonesia since the use of modern diagnostic imaging equipement that limits radiation dose to the minimum level is still very limited

Nilai Radiometrik Direct Digital Intraoral Radiography (DDIDR) Kualitas Tulang Rahang Mandibula

Complete diagnosis in dentistry needs more detail and accurate quantitative as well as qualitative jawbone trabeculation evaluation. This requires modern diagnostic radiography that in Indonesia are still very limited. One form of the periodontitis that demands more attention and detailed information due to the great efforts to overcome, is Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis, and thus this disease has chosen as a model in this study. The objective of this study to get more detail and accurate radiometric of Direct Digital Intraoral value from grading Conventional value. This method expected to be a model of studies on jawbone quality in dentistry. The healting RPP patients as a subjects of this study. The methods trabeculation density from mandibular DDIR and conventional periapical radiographs of 116 healthy subjects and 41 RPP patients were evaluated and correlated to obtain transformation formula in the form of regression function. This study was performed Clinic of Dental Radiology and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia function were then used as a method to obtain quantitative data from conventional radiographs available. The results were indicated a significant independent variables were included in the regression function (p<0.05). Therefore even no DDIR equipment available, this transformation enable dentists all over Indonesia with only conventional radiographs available, to obtain more detail quantitative trabeculation density data. The conclusion is apart from getting a methode to transform conventional radiographic data into radiometric data equal to data obtained from DDR that more detail and accurate, this study also provides the normal radiographic trabeculation density value of peron 20 – 40 years as data base for further studies

Nilai Radiometrik Direct Digital Intraoral Radiography (DDIDR) Kualitas Tulang Rahang Mandibula

<p>Complete diagnosis in dentistry needs more detail and accurate quantitative as well as qualitative jawbone trabeculation evaluation. This requires modern diagnostic radiography that in Indonesia are still very limited. One form of the periodontitis that demands more attention and detailed information due to the great efforts to overcome, is Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis, and thus this disease has chosen as a model in this study. The objective of this study to get more detail and accurate radiometric of Direct Digital Intraoral value from grading Conventional value. This method expected to be a model of studies on jawbone quality in dentistry. The healting RPP patients as a subjects of this study. The methods trabeculation density from mandibular DDIR and conventional periapical radiographs of 116 healthy subjects and 41 RPP patients were evaluated and correlated to obtain transformation formula in the form of regression function. This study was performed Clinic of Dental Radiology and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia function were then used as a method to obtain quantitative data from conventional radiographs available. The results were indicated a significant independent variables were included in the regression function (p&lt;0.05). Therefore even no DDIR equipment available, this transformation enable dentists all over Indonesia with only conventional radiographs available, to obtain more detail quantitative trabeculation density data. The conclusion is apart from getting a methode to transform conventional radiographic data into radiometric data equal to data obtained from DDR that more detail and accurate, this study also provides the normal radiographic trabeculation density value of peron 20 – 40 years as data base for further studies.</p

CONDY-RAY & ACCURAD 200 SEBAGAI SARANA PENCITRAAN UNTUK MENGATASI KELAINAN SENDI TEMPORO MANDIBULA

Since the temporomandibular joints are components of the stoamtognathic system that dentist is most familiar with, problems relating to this joints must be recognized, understood and treated by dentists. A comprehensive evaluation of this joint problems must include the radiographic examination. Transcranio lateral is the most commonly used of all conventional TMJ radiographic projection from the lateral aspect that shown the condyle, fossa and eminence as well as the condylar fossa relationship in selected functional movements, but which is not free from superimposed of the adjacent structures. A modified positioning device has been developed over this past years, to overcome these superimposition problems. The use of 'Condy ray" and "Accurad 200" apparatus that have some advantages over the standard transcraniolateral radiographic projection will be discussed in this paper. </span

LATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC RADIOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF UPPER AIRWAY

The influenced of respiration to dentocraniofacial growth and development is still controversial. The accurate radiologic examination is important factor for proper diagnosis. Deviation of upper airway (i.e. nasopharynx, oropharymx and nasal cavity) could be evaluated by lateral and anteroposterior cephalometric projection technique. This paper explains several methods to evaluate upper respiratory tract by lateral radiograph